Nobel Prizes for Medicine or Physiology during 2009-2018

1. 2018-  James P Allison and Tasuku Honjo for Immune checkpoint therapy to treatments for advanced, deadly cancers.
2. 2017- Jeffrey Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael Young for unravelling how bodies keep a circadian rhythm or body clock
3. 2016 - Yoshinori Ohsumi for discovering how cells remain healthy by recycling waste.
4. 2015 - William C Campbell, Satoshi Ōmura and Youyou Tu for anti-parasite drug discoveries.
5. 2014 - John O'Keefe, May-Britt Moser and Edvard Moser for discovering the brain's navigating system.
6. 2013 - James Rothman, Randy Schekman, and Thomas Sudhof for their discovery of how cells precisely transport material.
7. 2012 - Two pioneers of stem cell research - John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka - were awarded the Nobel after changing adult cells into stem cells.
8. 2011 - Bruce Beutler, Jules Hoffmann and Ralph Steinman shared the prize after revolutionising the understanding of how the body fights infection.
9. 2010 - Robert Edwards for devising the fertility treatment IVF which led to the first "test tube baby" in July 1978.
10. 2009 - Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol Greider and Jack Szostak for finding the telomeres at the ends of chromosomes.